Basic Spanish Made Kind Of Simple 5

1.5 Adjectives (Quality & Quantity)1

Spanish adjectives differ from English adjectives in two ways: they must agree in gender and number with the noun they modify, and they come after the noun.2

The articles for Spanish nouns are el, la, los, las, all meaning "the" (masculine, feminine, masculine plural, feminine plural), and un, una, unos, and unas, the singulars (masculine, feminine) meaning "a," and the plurals (masculine, feminine) meaning "some."3

Some Spanish Adjectives4

Tall | Alto, alta5

Short | bajo, baja6

Small | pequeño, pequeña Old | viejo, vieja7

Dark | oscuro, oscura8

Light | claro, clara9

much | mucho, mucha10

Beautiful | bonito, bonita11

Handsome | guapo, guapa12

ugly | feo, fea13

Interesting | interesante14

very | muy15

Young | joven16

Big | grande17

The Posessive Adjectives18

My | Mi (singular); mis (plural)19

Your | Tu (singular); tus (plural)20

His | Su (singular); sus (plural)21

Hers | Su (singular); sus (plural)22

Its | Su (singular); sus (plural)23

Our | nuestro (m/s), nuestros (m/p), nuestra (f/s), nuestras (f/p)24

You all's | vuestro, vuestros, vuestra, vuestras25

Their | Su (singular); sus (plural)26

Colours also follow this pattern.27

Red | Rojo, roja28

Yellow | amarillo, amarilla29

Green | verde30

Blue | azul31

Orange | anaranjado, anaranjada32

White | blanco, blanca33

Black | negro, negra34

Grey | gris35

Purple | morado, morada36

Pink | Rosado, rosada37

Brown | Cafe, marrón, moreno/morena38

Noun Vocabulary39

Man | El Hombre40

Woman | La Mujer41

Girl | Chica, Niña Boy | Chico, Niño Pen | El bolígrafo42

Pencil | El lapiz -> los lapices43

Food | La Comida44

Cat | El Gato45

Dog | El Perro46

Hero | el heroe47

Notebook | el cuaderno48

Book | el libro49

Class (school) | la clase50

Student | el or la estudiante (depending on the gender of the student)51

Friend | el amigo, la amiga (depending on the friend's gender)52

Church | la iglesia53

To have two adjectives or more describe one subject, you would put them in something of a list after the noun.54

Example: The tall, young, and handsome man. - El hombre alto, joven, y guapo.55

To put a number for a more than one subject (like, "four dogs," or "six cats"), you simply would put the number before the noun, and after its article (el or la [singular]; los or las [plural]).56

Example: The four tall, young, and handsome men. - Los cuatro hombres altos, jovenes, y guapos.57

One | uno58

Two | dos59

Three | tres60

Four | cuatro61

Five | cinco62

Six | seis63

Seven | siete64

Eight | ocho65

Nine | nueve66

Ten | diez67

Eleven | once68

Twelve | doce69

Thirteen | trece70

Fourteen | catorce71

Fifteen | quince72

Sixteen | diez y seis or dieciseis73

Seventeen | diez y siete, diecisiete74

Twenty | veinte75

Twenty-one | veintiuno76

Thirty | treinta77

Thirty-one | treinta y uno78

Forty | cuarenta79

Fifty | cinquenta80

Sixty | sesenta81

Seventy | setenta82

Eighty | ochenta83

Ninety | noventa84

One hundred | cien85

One hundred one | ciento uno86

One hundred ten | ciento diez87

One hundred thirty-five | ciento treinta y cinco88

Possessive adjectives These are the same as possessive pronouns, only they are different in the structure of a sentence. As a refresher, they are listed below.89

Mine | mío, mía ; míos, mías90

Yours | tuyo, tuya ; tuyos, tuyas91

His, Hers, Its, Theirs (Uds.) | suyo, suya ; suyos, suyas92

Ours | nuestro, nuestra ; nuestros, nuestras93

Theirs (vosotros) | vuestro, vuestra ; vuestros, vuestras94

Example: My car. - Mi carro, or el carro mío.95

Possessive adjectives are generally used to emphasize the ownership of the object, like in a conversation in English, one says "I, myself," whereas a person would say in Spanish, "A mi" (at the beginning of the sentence). ¿Es su carro? - No, ¡es el carro mío! : Is it his car? - No, it's my car!96

Now, grab a sheet of paper or open a notepad document on your computer and try to translate the following.97

Practice 198

The tall man99

The small class100

The young student101

The red pen102

The yellow pencil103

The very old dog104

Practice 2105

The tall man runs. (correr)106

The small class learns. (aprender)107

The young student speaks. (hablar)108

The red pen writes. (escribir)109

The yellow pencil draws. (dibujar)110

The very old dog sleeps. (dormir)111

Practice 3112

The four tall men113

The twenty small classes114

The thirty-six young students115

The sixteen red pens116

The forty yellow pencils117

The seventy-nine very old dogs118

Practice 4119

The four tall men run.120

The twenty small classes learn.121

The thirty-six young students speak.122

The sixteen red pens write.123

The forty yellow pencils draw.124

The seventy-nine very old dogs sleep.125